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兵车行_杜甫

作者:高中作文网 来源:转载 时间:2016-01-25 阅读: 字体: 在线投稿 手机浏览

【作品简介】

  《兵车行》由杜甫创作,被选入《唐诗三百首》。《兵车行》是唐代大诗人杜甫的名篇,为历代推崇。它揭露了唐玄宗长期以来的穷兵黩武,连年征战,给人民造成了巨大的灾难,具有深刻的思想内容,在艺术上也很突出。它的主题是对战争的控诉和对天下苍生的同情,所以杜甫是怀着怨愤的情感去书写的。诗歌一开始就展现了一幅凄惨的生离死别图景。在艺术技巧上调动听觉视觉去描写,在听觉上有“车辚辚,马萧萧”“哭声直上干云霄”,人马喧天,哭声震地,这正是日渐衰微的唐王朝大肆征兵,人民悲惨的写照。在视觉上“行人弓箭个在腰”不是士兵装备齐整斗志昂扬奔赴战场的雄姿,而是一去不复返,尸骨无处埋的前兆。

  杜甫的诗词以古体、律诗见长,风格多样,以“沉郁顿挫”四字准确概括出他自己的作品风格,而以沉郁为主。杜甫生活在唐朝由盛转衰的历史时期,其诗多涉笔社会动荡、政治黑暗、人民疾苦,他的诗反映当时社会矛盾和人民疾苦,因而被誉为“诗史”。杜甫忧国忧民,人格高尚,诗艺精湛。杜甫一生写诗一千五百多首,其中很多是传颂千古的名篇,比如“三吏”和“三别”,并有《杜工部集》传世;其中“三吏”为《石壕吏》《新安吏》和《潼关吏》,“三别”为《新婚别》《无家别》和《垂老别》。杜甫的诗篇流传数量是唐诗里最多最广泛的,是唐代最杰出的诗人之一,对后世影响深远。

  清初文学评论家金圣叹,把杜甫所作之诗,与屈原的《离骚》、庄周的《庄子》、司马迁的 《史记》、施耐庵的《水浒传》、王实甫的《西厢记》,合称“六才子书”。在当代,杜甫对国家的忠心和对人民的关切被重新诠释为民族主义和社会主义的含义,而他本人因为使用“人民的语言”而受到现代研究者的赞赏。

  杜甫不只在中国流名,还扬名海外。1481年韩国将杜诗翻译成韩文,叫《杜诗谚解》。他对日本文学影响相对较晚,直到十七世纪他在日本拥有和在中国一样的名声。杜甫对松尾芭蕉的影响尤深。杜甫也是美国作家雷克斯罗斯(Kenneth Rexroth)最喜欢的作家。

 

【中英对照翻译】

兵车行

杜甫

车辚辚,马萧萧, 行人弓箭各在腰。

耶娘妻子走相送, 尘埃不见咸阳桥。

牵衣顿足拦道哭, 哭声直上干云霄。

道旁过者问行人, 行人但云点行频。

或从十五北防河, 便至四十西营田。

去时里正与裹头, 归来头白还戍边。

边亭流血成海水, 武皇开边意未已。

君不闻, 汉家山东二百州,

千村万落生荆杞?

纵有健妇把锄犁, 禾生陇亩无东西。

况复秦兵耐苦战, 被驱不异犬与鸡。

长者虽有问, 役夫敢申恨;

且如今年冬, 未休关西卒。

县官急索租, 租税从何出?

信知生男恶, 反是生女好;

生女犹得嫁比邻, 生男埋没随百草。

君不见,青海头, 古来白骨无人收?

新鬼烦冤旧鬼哭, 天阴雨湿声啾啾。

 

A SONG OF WAR-CHARIOTS

Du Fu

The war-chariots rattle,

The war-horses whinny.

Each man of you has a bow and a quiver at his belt.

Father, mother, son, wife, stare at you going,

Till dust shall have buried the bridge beyond Changan.

They run with you, crying, they tug at your sleeves,

And the sound of their sorrow goes up to the clouds;

And every time a bystander asks you a question,

You can only say to him that you have to go.

...We remember others at fifteen sent north to guard the river

And at forty sent west to cultivate the campfarms.

The mayor wound their turbans for them when they started out.

With their turbaned hair white now, they are still at the border,

At the border where the blood of men spills like the sea --

And still the heart of Emperor Wu is beating for war.

...Do you know that, east of China's mountains, in two hundred districts

And in thousands of villages, nothing grows but weeds,

And though strong women have bent to the ploughing,

East and west the furrows all are broken down?

...Men of China are able to face the stiffest battle,

But their officers drive them like chickens and dogs.

Whatever is asked of them,

Dare they complain?

For example, this winter

Held west of the gate,

Challenged for taxes,

How could they pay?

...We have learned that to have a son is bad luck-

It is very much better to have a daughter

Who can marry and live in the house of a neighbour,

While under the sod we bury our boys.

...Go to the Blue Sea, look along the shore

At all the old white bones forsaken --

New ghosts are wailing there now with the old,

Loudest in the dark sky of a stormy day.

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