老将行_王维
【作品简介】
《老将行》由王维创作，被选入《唐诗三百首》。这首诗写一老将年少勇战，转战沙场，后因“无功”被弃。然而他自不服老，在边地烽火重燃时，他壮心复起，仍想为国立功。全诗分三部分，开头十句是第一部分，写老将青少年时代的智勇、功绩和不平遭遇。中间十句为第二部分，写老将被遗弃的清苦生活。最后十句为第三部分，写边烽未息，老将时时怀着请缨卫国杀敌的衷肠。这首诗多用典故，犹有不切意的，实在近于晦涩难解，大不足取。
以军旅和边塞生活为题材的《从军行》、《陇西行》、《燕支行》、《观猎》、《使至塞上》、《出塞作》等，都是壮阔飞动之作。《陇头吟》、《老将行》则抒发了将军有功不赏的悲哀，反映了封建统治阶级内部矛盾的一个侧面。《观猎》生动地描写了打猎时的情景。《夷门歌》歌咏历史人物的侠义精神。《少年行》四首表现侠少的勇敢豪放，形象鲜明，笔墨酣畅。这些作品一般认为是王维早期所作。还有一些诗歌，如贬官济州时所作《济上四贤咏》以及《寓言》、《不遇咏》和后期所作《偶然作》六首之五《赵女弹箜篌》，对于豪门贵族把持仕途、才士坎坷不遇的不合理现象表示愤慨，反映了开元、天宝时期封建政治的某些阴暗面。《洛阳女儿行》、《西施咏》则以比兴手法，寄托了因贵贱不平而生的感慨和对权贵的讽刺。还有抒写妇女痛苦的《息夫人》、《班婕妤》等，悲惋深沉，也具有一定的社会意义。一些赠送亲友和描写日常生活的抒情小诗，如《送别》“山中相送罢”、《临高台送黎拾遗》、《送元二使安西》、《送沈子福归江东》，《九月九日忆山东兄弟》、《相思》、《杂诗》“君自故乡来”等，千百年来传诵人口；《送元二使安西》、《相思》等在当时即播为乐曲,广为传唱。这些小诗都是五言或七言绝句,感情真挚，语言明朗自然，不用雕饰，具有淳朴深厚之美，可与李白、王昌龄的绝句媲美，代表了盛唐绝句的最高成就。
【中英对照翻译】
老将行
王维
少年十五二十时， 步行夺得胡马骑。
射杀山中白额虎， 肯数邺下黄须儿。
一身转战三千里， 一剑曾当百万师。
汉兵奋迅如霹雳， 虏骑崩腾畏蒺藜。
卫青不败由天幸， 李广无功缘数奇。
自从弃置便衰朽， 世事蹉跎成白首。
昔时飞箭无全目， 今日垂杨生左肘。
路旁时卖故侯瓜， 门前学种先生柳。
苍茫古木连穷巷， 寥落寒山对虚牖。
誓令疏勒出飞泉， 不似颍川空使酒。
贺兰山下阵如云， 羽檄交驰日夕闻。
节使三河募年少， 诏书五道出将军。
试拂铁衣如雪色， 聊持宝剑动星文。
愿得燕弓射大将， 耻令越甲鸣吾君。
莫嫌旧日云中守， 犹堪一战取功勋。
SONG OF AN OLD GENERAL
Wang Wei
When he was a youth of fifteen or twenty,
He chased a wild horse, he caught him and rode him,
He shot the white-browed mountain tiger,
He defied the yellow-bristled Horseman of Ye.
Fighting single- handed for a thousand miles,
With his naked dagger he could hold a multitude.
...Granted that the troops of China were as swift as heaven's thunder
And that Tartar soldiers perished in pitfalls fanged with iron,
General Wei Qing's victory was only a thing of chance.
And General Li Guang's thwarted effort was his fate, not his fault.
Since this man's retirement he is looking old and worn:
Experience of the world has hastened his white hairs.
Though once his quick dart never missed the right eye of a bird,
Now knotted veins and tendons make his left arm like an osier.
He is sometimes at the road-side selling melons from his garden,
He is sometimes planting willows round his hermitage.
His lonely lane is shut away by a dense grove,
His vacant window looks upon the far cold mountains
But, if he prayed, the waters would come gushing for his men
And never would he wanton his cause away with wine.
...War-clouds are spreading, under the Helan Range;
Back and forth, day and night, go feathered messages;
In the three River Provinces, the governors call young men --
And five imperial edicts have summoned the old general.
So he dusts his iron coat and shines it like snow-
Waves his dagger from its jade hilt in a dance of starry steel.
He is ready with his strong northern bow to smite the Tartar chieftain --
That never a foreign war-dress may affront the Emperor.
...There once was an aged Prefect, forgotten and far away,
Who still could manage triumph with a single stroke.
